Deal with emergencies (Part 3)

In this last section Edmunds experts share experience in dealing with common problems such as two-wheel slipped out of the road.
Although this is a situation often occurs, but many people do not know what to do and the results are often very bad.
The eighth scenario: Two wheels off the road dislocated
This is most susceptible to accidents in 10 cases of emergency. How to handle very simple provided that you do not rush to find ways to put bread on the road. Be calm and perform the following steps:
Gently down the station. Do not touch the brake if the brake is not required (such as mountains or the car is in front of obstacles). Parking brake is easy at this time affecting the ABS system worth hundreds of dollars.
Continue to drive parallel to the curb and reduce speed to about 55 km / h to 65 km / h. Then gently beat driving a small car to climb up the road. If driving a 5 degree angle so you can make the car shot up too fast.



In both situations, but the front wheel slipped back with obstacles, you can click the brakes but do not hit driver more than 15 degrees. The reason is that turning the steering wheel 45-60 degrees to climb the road, the two front tires will gain traction sooner than a full two rear wheels. This can cause the car was knocked back or other vehicle to climb dramatically.
Ninth situations: Cake before slipping
When the front wheel slipped off the accelerator, please, do not touch the brake and wait until the car grip the road again. You should not waste your energy to turn the steering wheel hoping miracle. Type driving too many cars can also cause disoriented when the tire suddenly slipped out.
Edmunds reviews for steering and braking in this situation is like trying to withdraw money from an empty account. By car you are requesting a higher level of traction that the tire can provide.
Tenth situation: after losing tire traction
To cope, make it stronger brake pedal to the floor and held until the car stops. Then count to "3" and slowly release the brake if you want to continue moving. In the case before releasing the brakes stop the car - though only by about 10 km / h - your car will be disoriented.
About love racing riders often find the rear wheels slip at a speed of 300 km / h but still not hitting the wall. Those who have been trained to keep a good driving directions in an emergency. Also with the less experienced drivers, just at 40 km / h, they could not psychologically active.

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Deal with emergencies (Part 2)

Whether or not the car has antilock brakes with ABS, the most important thing is to stop an emergency vehicle drivers need to know what to do.
Antilock brake system ABS increasingly popular and gradually be regarded as one of the safety devices are most important. However, ABS is the only tech support. Itself can not handle household driver should correctly understand the effect of ABS will help you drive better deal with critical situations.
Thursday situations: when there is no ABS GAP
New ABS popular drivers should face this situation very much. Best operation at emergency stop is to continue to hold the brake. However, you must make sure not to press too hard to drive the wheels locked, leading to sliding on the pavement.




The most important goal is to brake the car stopped at a point of interest. To do this, of course you must not lose steering. If the miss hit off the brake, release a little bit and then continue to press-release-style input and continuous with the bus driver to the right place. Also, when to stop emergency, many drivers often drive hit off the left or right. So, do not release the brakes when the car is not really in control.
The note above is just theory. To realize the real problem, it is best practice.
Choose a deserted streets, move the vehicle. Then you start to hit the brakes. Tire until you hear hissing, that's a sign that it is about to skid on the road. This is regarded as the best way to break you just have to control the car. But if you hear "tru", make sure the tire was removed and can not be controlled as desired. Please release the brake and hit return.
Friday situations: when the ABS GAP
If the car has ABS, make strong confident the brake pedal down to the floor, holding on until the car stops. However, just remember to support ABS also new friends is the driver. You need to concentrate on driving duties, while the ABS is responsible press-release the brakes (about 15 times per second).
Although ABS is very useful but still need coaching. Because in most cases, the driver does not press the brake or not to hold out until the car stops. They often break into several stages (ie, press lightly and then press hard) and released by reflex. A student in training sessions led by Edmunds car to the curb because not enough force to break. The reason given was that her "I'm afraid the car was sliding."
When the initial exercise to try at a velocity of about 40 km / h. Then you mature, you can try at high speed. Do not care about tire hissing sound by lightly pressing the accelerator a bit and tire wear does not affect the car.
Saturday situations: Avoid accidents with ABS
In English, the experts draw the three "S" ABS is most important. That's "Stomp, Stay and Steer - pedal power, and keep driving." The beneficial effects of ABS is to allow the driver operate the vehicle normally despite all the brake pedal.
However, there is a common problem is the driver was "shocked" by the incident type and tend to drive too much in one direction. This is very dangerous because at high speed, just type the driver slightly, moving distance was very long. The loss of driving back and release them more afraid that the ABS brakes become ineffective.
For practice, you can use water bottles placed perpendicular to drive in a place convenient. Began pressing station, close to your braking power, driving beat to bypass obstacles. Try to persevere and do not regret because the car is the most precious experience for you to handle confidently.

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Deal with emergencies (Part 1)

When it tires, most drivers braking, driving on the road during operation is to press lightly on the accelerator, hold the steering wheel and then decelerate.

To have a pilot's license, pilots must undergo emergency assumptions. However, test driving cars, mainly focusing on skills that most people do not have much experience in critical situations.

Experts in automotive site Edmunds.com has summarized known how to handle emergencies 10. The content is divided into three parts. The first part responding to tire explosion or loss of the accelerator. The second part focuses to the measures to take the help of the antilock brake system with ABS. Part 3 share how to fix the wheel slip when break down the road and wheel slip.

Scenario One: Tire Explosion

To survive when the tire exploded, you imagine yourself being chased by police. Please press the accelerator and drove straight up front. English class it makes the most startling and the driver is wrong for the car slowed to pull over the curb. With special tires and broken at high speed, braking and driving on the sidewalk makes you prone to accidents than ever.

 
Edmunds experts in driver training by sitting in the back seat and the tire exploded with mild explosives. Almost no one lost steering and below are the steps the students have done:
Keep the accelerator pedal for about 2 seconds and continue driving straight. This period plays an important role, helping to calm you do not make calls or type brake driving deaths.
After 2 seconds, you release the accelerator pedal slowly. Action force of the explosion caused cake car was slowing to stop.
2 second period can cause many drivers find it difficult to estimate. According to Edmunds, most importantly, keep driving straight, away from the brake to the foot (or feet). When the car down to about 45 km / h, poker-face on the road to pull over.
Instructions on the ideal conditions. In case of need to keep the brakes after driving, remember to make lightly.
According to statistics, most tire explosion occurred on the highway, hot weather and a bit premature tire. So, please regularly check tire pressure or use of display systems.
The second situation: Rupture of flowers tires
Occurred despite similar technically but sometimes tire of flowers break more dangerous tire explosion. This is a problem that the tire and wire flowers left side of a part or apart. The imbalance in weight and makes tires were turned surface when rotating at speed 1000 rpm, causing the vibrations to the fuel tank, brake ducts, rear seat, windows ...
This phenomenon occurs in a few days but may be only a few seconds to make loud noises, then bigger and bigger. Until the tire iron ring in contact with the road you will hear the metal friction.
To process, please click the accelerator a bit and then gently put out. In the meantime, continue driving straight until the safety car and pulled into the curb.
The reason that this situation can be more dangerous than the explosion when the tire is thrown flowers, cries and lost many drivers said that no matter what happens. Meanwhile, the car is in very dangerous state.
The third scenario: Loss of the accelerator
Phenomenon is the throttle switch, leading to loss of pedal effects, rarely happens. But even when the engine started in the state can not control, stop the car immediately and manipulate these steps:
Transferred to the N or cutting cone. Do not worry about the engine moving on the N by the system limits engine speed on modern vehicles will help it avoid damage. Then you switch on the R (reverse) to turn off the engine or the N back if this does not happen. In case the number N can not, turn off the boot lock.
Wednesday situations: sudden acceleration
Also known as unintended acceleration. It does not stem from technical problems but by the driver suddenly hit the accelerator. This is a problem that most novice suffer at least once, and they always claim not press the brake pedal.
When you encounter this problem, similar to the accelerator in case of loss, please stop immediately and move quickly on the number N. In the case can not, turn off the boot lock.

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The assumption of driver

Some people believe that "real men" do not use the ESP electric balance. small engine cars are less fuel consumption than larger engines better speed manual or automatic transmission

Some people believe that "real men" do not use the ESP electric balance. small engine cars are less fuel consumption than larger engines better speed manual or automatic transmission

Different reasons, but also the "home" in European countries, where cars were popular nearly a century, and misconceptions about their vehicles. Here are 6 mistakes that drivers usually make the wings, the UK MSN site statistics.
4-wheel drive cars have better traction
Theoretically this is true. The 4WD vehicle is level distribution of torque to all wheels should ensure a more flexible vehicle requirements. However, not all situations are better for the two vehicles because they only have four wheels like other vehicles. When traveling on snow or encounter slippery surfaces, the two vehicles actually need to slide more. Also, if you go too fast, they still lost to friction in the front wheel (understerring) as usual. Mercedes SLK equipped with automatic transmission 7G-Tronic seven-level advanced into the most current kind. Photo: the Mercedes. Mercedes SLK equipped with automatic transmission 7G-Tronic seven-level advanced into the most current kind.

 

True non-driving functions Electronic Stability ESP
You often hear "Home" is about feeling excited or turn off the ESP traction control TC?. This is just a sophisticated level of "macho" by ESP has been researching, testing and inspection capabilities how well protected. Black box data that record also shows good stability vehicles, if equipped with ESP, to meet the emergency.
For these reasons, there is no basis do we refuse the help of ESP on public roads. Also on the track, you can disable ESP custom.
Small engine consuming a less fuel
This is confirmed by a majority of consumers and completely true if the two separate test engines in the small and large laboratories. When putting it in a car, you must rely on many factors such as vehicle weight and load, aerodynamic characteristics, the driving and road conditions. In fact many types of scooters with a capacity of 150-200 cc, but consume more fuel than cars with a capacity of 1,000 cc machine.
The floor is always better than an automatic
Automatic number and type of flooring is better than any controversial issues in world holding the steering wheel. To confirm what is clearly extremely difficult because both have advantages and disadvantages of its own.
Initially, the car is automatic for is slow, inflexible and expensive gasoline over the floor. However, modern technology allows automatic increasingly intelligent. Nearly all the assembled Mercedes 7G-Tronic gearbox and the fact that we have more speed when equipped with the floor. Also dual-clutch gearbox DSG Volkswagen has time shifting fast, quiet, almost a manual.
Sport utility vehicles safer
Some clients can only ride for SUVs because they always have the advantage that when a collision with another vehicle, or at least they "feel safer". However, reality is not so.
The EuroNCAP tests showed that the mid-size cars like VW Golf, Peugeot 308, Ford Focus, the Renault Megane, Citroen C4 and again reached the highest level of protection of 5 stars, the equivalent such as BMW X5, Volkswagen Touareg or Volvo XC90.
In addition, the SUV is said to have vision, but the driver will not see a child standing at the back tail.
Small engine capacity of weaker
Technologies such as turbine turbocharger, turbo charger today can turn a small motor with a capacity equivalent to larger types. For example 1.4-liter turbocharged engine Volkswagen's TFSI with a capacity of up to 170 horsepower, higher than the capacity of the Honda Civic 2.0 (153 bhp). In addition, to design the engine to match features using some kind of sport utility large capacity but low maximum capacity. Return, high torque to overcome the terrain advantages.

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8 of intolerance for driver

Men should not smoke while driving. But women, watching the claws and high heels are common causes leading to accidents.
In line with vehicles such as wood or on the highway, just a few seconds neglect of the distracted driver can cause incalculable disaster. Here are the tips alongside such acts forbidden drink alcohol before driving.

No smoking while driving

There are interesting stories about the job interview the driver for a presidents economic groups. The two candidates entered the final round to pick out one. The president asked: "When driving, if the cigarette in your eyes I'll handle how." The answer brief of a candidate who later helped him become the great leader of the group: "I never smoked and who also require next to no smoking while driving." Smoking, bad habits while driving.
Smoking at riding means you have to open and dangerous occurrences in a moment when the wind thrown cigarette butts in the eye. Not to mention that sparks can cause fires by furniture flammables.
Not sticking head out the door spitting
Even if the driver has been cold, cough should not market the car door to spit out. Apart from negligence when the output market pull type steering movement by holding the steering wheel is also easy to be dangerous for people to go back.
No phone call
More dangerous is when a driver focuses on handset for messaging or phone. A few seconds distracted with the content of calls and a hand on the steering wheel can cause the driver was startled to meet unexpected situations.
Not just eating while driving
In the cockpit is designed cavity tuck beverage cans, but can not mean just drinking driver. Neck movement brought back cans of water to her mouth in a moment has obscured the view of the driver. Want to drink water, stop the car a few minutes.
Do not listen to music and sing along
Actions which the driver or contempt is raw or causes of traffic accidents. Busy listening to music and sing along quietly in your ear or wear a phone that the driver can not hear the car horn is also very easy and other "silent" in his song but forget the steering wheel. Statistics of car insurance company Privilege famous England said accidents often occur on the highways that causes the error stems from a "waste nhach" of the driver as was busy listening to music, shaving and drinking coffee.
No sea view ad
This is a cause close to 40% of accidents. Drivers have to concentrate on driving by very "sensitive" with what outside cabin. They are often attracted by the very attractive advertising banners hanging on the line. Many of them are images of hot women or garish color scenes. Even the "beautiful view" is also among the top cause of most collisions.
Not just driving while watching claws
This warning usually reserved for women. They have habits or look in the mirror to see how his face. She even while driving your car just lip occupied until a new collision occurs, then was startled late.
No slippers, high heels
Absolutely avoid sandals without a strap when driving. Pressing the gas and brake pedal, keeping insects always require mobility, coordination. All these things are caused by driver's feet. A certain pair of sandals or a pair of shoes soles are the safest. If slippers or high heels can cause slipping or slipped off the brake pedal while folding handle.

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5 ways to help small car damaged

Failure is not desired by anyone. However, it is the phenomenon can not happen and we only have limited as little as possible in the following way.
Roll slowly at startup
When I start the car in the morning, you'll need at least 30 seconds the computer in idle mode (more if the car is not used within 24 hours). In case of insufficient long-running idle, low oil pressure caused the device is not fully lubricated. Time did not need too long (over 10 minutes) by petrol consumption and engine will not heat to desired temperature. Should not exceed the vehicle's performance.

During the C-class Mercedes driver safety. When driving, drivers should avoid situations beyond the capacity of vehicle operation.
The driver of investment in trees is like trying to drive you to save fuel. Means an increase or decrease the gas slowly, limiting braking and keep your rpm in the second half the dashboard. On many models, so experts recommend keeping your rpm at speeds of less than 3,000 rpm.
If sudden acceleration, friction will cause large increases wear on equipment, creating openings and structures no longer fit together.
Using a fuel
With newer cars, best use gasoline A95 and never pour another. Using gasoline of different octane (95 or 92) that the electronic system in deep trouble. When poured fuel through the sensor control unit ECU to establish a central state-level optimization process data, in-cylinder combustion and exhaust emissions. If you use many, ECU will continue to change the combustion process that does not achieve the best performance.
Proper periodic maintenance
This measure is not need much intelligence, just your mind. However, many customers neglected maintenance schedule, oil changes, fuel filter or animal oil filter that the manufacturer recommends.
Along a vehicle and operating conditions but the life and functionality are different in each user. In addition to the characteristics of each manufacturer, durability depends largely on the attitude of the vehicle. If you care and attention, the car will not spare them the merits.
Check oil and tire pressure regularly
You should check the engine oil level at least once a month, do not rely solely on the dashboard warning light. Oil works to protect and prolong engine life. So whenever possible, park your car in flat space and check the oil level when engine cold. To check, remove the probe is cleaned of oil, then plug it back and draw again. If you find a stick-thin layer of oil in the middle notch marks the lowest and highest (min and max) on the first probe of oil, everything was fine. If oil stick below the minimum (min), you need to add oil to the engine magnet.
Simple and easy to do but there are still many people do not realize the advantages of maintaining proper tire pressure. By the plastic should be compressed flat tire surface in contact with the road and back to its original state when no longer exposed. In the process, the tire generates a mechanical wave motion with a few wear phenomenon. If the amount of air in the tires little, it becomes more powerful waves and of course, increases abrasion.
So that reduced tire traction cangqua, car shock absorbers and vibration affecting the mechanical structure.
Driving stability
No increase or decrease in speed dramatically, limiting braking and do not try to test these situations you know will affect the operation of the car. Except racing and has been a degree, every product is made for use in normal conditions. If you make it beyond the ability to work is like any human illness will come.

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Experience driving through flooded road

In all situations flooded streets, is the best way ... do not go through or restricted.
Where there is no choice, forced to venture through flooded areas should be motivated to remove the air filter to remove wind directly into the engine compartment (highest position) via the air without charge under the car ( lower position). Beyond the flooding, the engine re-installed air filters as original. However, the water safety warning is less than 25 cm, not through the wheel center.
Special attention when driving in the same direction and opposite direction will occur to create waves, capable of high water and flooding roads wind load, the engine air filter. Stock inlet on the Ford Laser, which are vulnerable to water.Stock inlet on the Ford Laser, which are vulnerable to water.
Should switch off the AC (air conditioning), went No. 1, all stations run at a moderate level, keeping the machine full blast, driving calmly. With an automatic car, switched to semi-automatic and at 1. If you leave, the car will make to the No. 2 station was weak, leading to overflow into the engine through the pipe po. Pedal cars should not taper the floor when the room flooded.

Many drivers have said that paddy ga real hard to pass cars. In fact this solution is very dangerous because power station will cause increased water flow through the grille, flowing into the syringe. In addition, when gas rose dramatically higher rpm machine, if the water in hydro-file will make a stronger phenomenon, leading to a curved boundary hands.
Through the flooded room, you need to go forward a paragraph, brake clearance to remove the disk. Then check back down the engine, chassis.
If the car is suddenly off the flooded area, absolute and must be restarted immediately contact telephone hotline rescue, agents or salespeople for advice guides, find measures optimal for processing.
The reason is that the normal machine operation, the piston forced labor to load the gas mixture at a rate of 1,000 rpm. Because the gas mixture was loaded and occupied the country since the water is not compressible, so pressure has created a jet to deform the curved edge and piston arms, your hands are too curved boundary will be broken. This would breach paragraph breaks into your engine destroyed
When you call for rescue or drivers also noted if the car equipped automatic system, automatic anti-slide, automatically install the bridge, turn automatic stability against the 4WD or full time so only by towing Car Desk (4 wheels not turning).
 

 
Also, due to lose so many drivers open the door without paying attention to water levels. If the water is higher than the lowest part of the door, never opened, because the water will overflow into external damage to the electronic system, when it should open a window to the car. 

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The fuel saving technology

According to data of the United States Energy Research, the technology developed in recent years can save between 7% to 12% of the cost of fuel for cars.
The development of science and technology have contributed significantly to improving process efficiency and fuel economy, especially when rising gasoline prices. A series of solutions from the chemistry, biology and mechanics are proposed. However, not all positive results, although they work well at a certain time.
Research institutions and renewable energy the U.S. has tested the technology works to improve the fuel consumption but does not alter the structure of the engine. The statistical results are determined using the period 300,000 km, gas prices at $ 3.07 per barrel (equivalent to 3.785 liters per barrel) and consumption rate 11 liters per 100 kilometers.
1. Variable valve technology time Honda VTEC technology.


VVT (Variable Valve Timing & Lift) control the flow of air and fuel into the cylinders and the exhaust comes out the exhaust system. Through the VVT, the system will automatically adjust the charge-discharge time for optimal combustion takes place most effectively. According to reviews, VVT is likely to increase about 5% fuel efficiency, equivalent to $ 1,400.
2. Cylinder system initiative Cylinder system initiative.

English term "cylinder deactivation" technology capable off half the engine cylinders when not needed and re-enabled when the vehicle load changes. Technical innovation can help improve vehicle efficiency by 7.5% fuel use, or save $ 2,000.
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3. Turbine turbocharger and supercharger


Known as the "turbocharger" and "supercharger", improves engine power, reduce the size without losing functionality. Can improve performance up 7.5% savings of $ 2,000 and the cost of gasoline.
4. The system automatically shut down

Automatically shutdown or restart the engine when the car stopped to reduce consumption and improve performance up to 8%, equivalent to $ 2,200. English name: "Integrated Starter / Generator - ISG.


5. Gasoline direct injection technology
Spray fuel directly into the cylinder through multi-point injector (Direct Fuel Injection). This technology enabled the creation of volume ratio of air / fuel optimization, making the process more complete combustion occurs. This is one of the most effective improvements to increase performance up to 12% savings is $ 3,200.
6. Stepless gearbox


English term "Continuously Variable Transmission." Transmission technology using an infinite number of "levels" or a transmission ratio undefined. Though there are difficulties in fabrication and may be common, but CVT (for use on motorcycles scooters) has demonstrated the role of improving efficiency by 6%, equivalent to the amount of $ 1,600 savings.
7. Semi-automatic gearbox
Combining the advantages of both manual and automatic (Automated Manual Transmission). It works like manual gearboxes, but the driver does not need to use your hands to some structure to the electrically driven through the hydraulic system. AMT can improve efficiency by 7% of fuel, equivalent to $ 1,900.

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Features of telematics systems for cars

Received information about the hot time of the international situation, monitoring the weather reports, updates stock market price or even information about the schedule ahead, is called telematics systems are gradually become an essential equipment in the car.

"Telematics", sounds strange, but actually it is formed from the combination of the words Telecommunication (Telecom) and Informatics (information technology - information technology). Its a combination of several devices, an electronic system that makes communicating with your vehicle into the information network of today. These systems such as OnStar from General Motors and Chrysler Bluetooth are two examples of the interaction of communications with the use of the car. Just press the OnStar button control, you are connected to a control center via the telephone system of the car (provided that the registered), from which you will receive instructions about travel map, can find the exact addresses of a building need to, or even a book for soccer games upcoming. More conveniently, you just need to voice commands and the system will send a request to the center. The answers will also be played through your car speakers.

OnStar helps find stolen car or open the car door as if to forget the keys inside. In addition, when an accident, airbags are activated, system will automatically notify the central relief device by GPS satellite navigation. Aid workers would immediately contact you and conduct an emergency assistance when there is no response. Personal Calling is one of the latest capabilities of OnStar. You can register a personal phone number on the car make and receive calls even when you're in traffic. It's much more convenient than a cell phone by voice control (no ability to distract the driver's observations), the signal is stronger thanks to the antenna.

(Hummer GM OnStar system installed. )

Developed by Chrysler system has other features. Was installed on Chrysler new car Chrysler Pacifica and 300 (version 2005) is a Bluetooth phone (wireless technology). You can dial while hands are still raw wheel set, by reading the number to call or read the recipient's name. Chrysler uses satellite positioning system GPS to measure the coordinates of the vehicle. Map is displayed on a screen, identifying the selected path. The system can also be installed for every change on the route will be announced through loudspeakers on vehicles, helping the driver does not need to observe the screen. The address may be keyed into the system by street names, location map and address may be nhập vào Businesses by phone. The interaction with people driving to a minimum in getting Extremely effective type.



(XM Radio on the Chevrolet Tahoe. )

Volvo Ergovision system (to be copyrighted) allowed to record the physical parameters of the driver (height, leg and arm length), stored in an electronic card. When installing this card on the central trunk, seat position, steering wheel, pedals, headrest and seat belt is automatically adjusted so that drivers get the best visibility. Car YCC (Your Concept Car), Volvo has a function that both men and women with a desire to help when needed backed into another vehicle was parked between two beans available. A sensor collects information about the space that you plan to park the car. Then, the car will automatically arrange the movement of the steering wheel properly.

In the U.S. today, car users can register to listen to satellite radio, captured about 100 different waves. The most prominent current system is XM Satellite Radio (on the car of General Motors), and Sirius Satellite Radio (on Chrysler vehicles.) When listening to music, both shows artist, song name, album is in any. This system can easily be added to the development of digital TV, internet connection ... Most of telematics systems currently used for recreational purposes. Others will always include both information only and car safety. In the future, will feature more diverse and more necessary.

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Gasoline engine is not 'spark'

New combustion technology called GDI Sonex was released earlier this month using the piston carrying flammable chemical compound to replace the spark plug, so the engine can run gasoline, diesel or ethanol.


This is the inventor of the company Sonex Research, USA. Diesel engines have high compression ratios without the ignition device (spark plug). However, in reality, the phenomenon of self-detonation is occurring in both gasoline and diesel at low compression ratio. To overcome self-detonation phenomena, the research firm released Sonex piston types can help burn light fuel such as alcohol, gasoline or heavy as diesel fuel without spark plugs. Sonex technology with best performance when the engine is equipped with fuel injection system directly.

Sonex Piston GDI.

Sonex Research companies have offices in Maryland, U.S., believe the fuel savings achieved when the control system itself detonated SCAI (Sonex Controlled Auto Ignition), developed with direct fuel injection system Next GDI (Gasoline Direct Injected). When combining the two technologies, the engine will not spark and throttle. "Sonex GDI is 25% improved fuel consumption," said Dr. Andrew pouring, president of tech research labs, the Naval Academy, United States, declared.

The phenomenon of self-detonation

The top piston is designed into the small chamber (a micro-chamber), and linked together by paths. When the fuel injectors spray into the combustion chamber, allowing parts SCAI a little fuel into a small chamber in the piston system. The chemical combustion chamber will activate the fuel volume, and spread from the combustion chamber to another chamber before combustion air from escaping gas outside the main combustion chamber. Thus, combustion occurs when the piston compression ratio is low, negate the phenomenon of self-detonate. Inside the piston part includes a lot of holes the size of a millionth of a meter.

Currently, Sonex GDI is widely used on U.S. military equipment in Iraq. However, the auto industry is not indifferent to it. The main cause is under pouring PhD: "The automobile manufacturers are often reluctant to use the inventions are not of them. Moreover, vehicle manufacturers are often interested in the concentration of engine emissions, rather than consumption fuel. "

However, a law on standard fuel consumption of vehicles has been signed in the U.S. Congress in August 2005. Accordingly, by 2014, all vehicles must have a fuel consumption limit by the National Highway Traffic Safety United States (NHTSA) issued. Currently, the Sonex is being submitted to NHTSA the scientific evidence to prove Sonex GDI technology can save 20-30% of fuel consumption, while reducing emissions. If the results show, most likely it will pave the way for a bill on federal fuel economy standards in the future.

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History of octane

Nearly two decades after Carl Benz built a car powered by gasoline engines first, technical experts realized that the phenomenon does not allow them to knock discretion to increase the strength of the internal combustion engine. (Model T Ford. )


The late 19th and early 20th century, the history of internal combustion engine turns a new page. Who initiated the revolution in automotive technology - the motorcycle that period was Wilhelm Gottlieb Daimler, the German engine design, when in 1885, he successfully tests two-wheeled vehicles powered by an internal combustion engine cylinder. Parallel and independent Wilhelm Daimler, in 1886, Carl Freidrich Benz receives patent for invention "transported by gasoline engine with four-wheel car, engine cooling in a cylinder. And across the Atlantic, in 1903 marking the birth of one of the most famous car company now, Ford Motor Company founded by Henry Ford.

Gigantic profits earned from the production car, plus the emergence of a series of patents has pulled all of the car and the engine development on the fiercely competitive technology. The car company regularly upgrades the engine structure by incorporating more advanced features such as cooling system, ignition system automatic, and more importantly, always believed that the strength of the motor combustion can be increased to an arbitrary way, because in theory, thermodynamics, with the higher compression ratio, thermal efficiency as close to maximum.

But, in 1912, they had to control the compression ratio to below a permissible value. Cause decision goes against the trend of development is the explosion "vortex glass" occurs when the engine is working, more dangerous, this engine also destroyed after only a few minutes to appear. At that time, the engineers said that the word "vortex glass" caused the spark system is provided for vehicles with the "problem", while the engine developers said they could improve strength and motor performance, if the phenomenon to be overcome.

(Charles F. Kettering.)
Facing this challenge, Charles F Kettering, head of research firm General Motors has given the task Midgley Thomas colleagues to find out exactly the cause of the phenomenon.

Initially, they use pressure recorders Dobbie-McInnes and proved that the word "vortex glass" did not show up due to the ignition of the electric system, it appears that the right time pressure increases intense after spark ignition. However, pressure recorders are not suitable for further research so Midgley and Bob have used a high-speed camera to observe exactly what is happening while the engine work at the same time, development display a high energy to measure the blast.

Parallel trials of Thomas Midgley, Sir Harry Ricardo - expert engine of the British Royal Army - introduces the concept of choosing compression ratio for optimum engine compression ratio change. However, given the score that Ricardo is not absolute because there are many other parameters such as ignition time, clean condition and position of the ignition key, engine temperature ...

Vehicle manufacturers, engine researchers finally have to admit that they forgot to study, not developing an important component affecting the operation of the internal combustion engine: fuel. Fuel used for combustion exists a special nature: it will fire and detonated himself when compressed in the cylinder under high pressure, before spark ignition.

From the results of the research go ahead, 1927, the Edgar Graham, an employee's child in the U.S. Ethyl Corporation, proposed to use two hydrocarbon-knock rating for fuel: n-heptan and 2,4,4-trimetylpentan, also called an iso-is inaccurate octane.

Iso-octane anti-knock index higher, while n-heptan-resistant detonation was poor and Edgar has proposed using the ratio of these two agents to assess the resistance to detonation of the fuel used in the combustion engine. He has also demonstrated that anti-knock value of all types of commercial gasoline which can be provided on the volume ratio n-heptan: octane is between 60:40 to 40:60. Thus, if we are out of gasoline on the counters in 30 of the last century, we can only buy petrol from the A40 to the A60 only.

The reason that Edgar technical in nature given when using these two agents that they have physical properties very close to each other as the nature volatile and especially boiling, so when we change the score " heptan: iso-octane 'from 100:0 up to 0:100 parameters is almost negligible on the change. This is very important for the process of testing, because of the possibility of fuel evaporation great influence to the operation of the engine.

Edgar had a lot of parameters obtained from this experiment, however, at present, the most popular remain two parameters RON (Research Octane Number Research-octane) and MON (Motor Octane Number-octane action muscle).

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Fuel cell cars on the road

Ford has just delivered five Ford Focus fuel cell-powered (FCV) for the Canadian government, while the other 25 will be real test in the U.S. and Germany. Cars powered by fuel cell Ford Focus 2005.
This is the third generation FCV Ford launched the first generation, but is being tried to participate in public transport. Hydrogen instead of gasoline could be the future for all types of vehicles in the future.

8 years have passed since the test sample for Ford cars powered by fuel cell (FCV) Ford Focus named P2000. This car requires 30 minutes to boot, even acceleration is very slow. But now, Ford has completed the third-generation FCV, fuel cell performance using the Ballard Mark 902 series production in Canada and compressed hydrogen cylinders 5000 psi pressure of Dynatek.
Ballard fuel cell 902 is a slim cell proton exchange membrane (PEM-Proton Exchange Menbrane). Hydrogen from the container will be directed to an electrode placed in a stack. Electrodes are coated with a catalyst effective separation of hydrogen atoms into smaller components including the proton and electron. The electrons are used to generate energy while hydrogen protons will travel through a thin film of polymer to the other electrode in combination with oxygen to create water vapor - the only waste harmless.

Focus FCV 2005 is a combination of hybrid technology currently used in the same car companies like Ford Escape. Even under the hood is arranged hybid power system dynamics. Hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen compounds batteries - nickel reserves are installed under the floor of the vehicle is placed in the container of hydrogen-cars.
Brake system uses hydraulic power-electronic control mode (brake-by-wire) for maximum energy conversion efficiency of braking forces, turning vehicle energy to move slowly back into electrical energy, accumulation in cells.

According to Ford, the Focus FCV looks like any other Focus cars, including the driver, too. We can say, this is the car was environmentally friendly Ford built elaborate, most sophisticated and complex.
Ford's partners, including the Government of Canada, Association of Canadian fuel cell, are collaborating to run tests and monitor the practical application of this model in the next 3 years. This is one of the hydrogen-related programs in the project "hydrogen highway" to-Whistler-Vancouver till 2010. Focus FCV will have to present themselves as a means of confidence in the long road ahead. Chevrolet Silverado, the truck uses GM's fuel cell.
In addition, General Motors (GM) has just delivered the first truck to use fuel cells for U.S. troops to bring reality check. Chevrolet Silverado fuel cell uses two 94 kW power generated total capacity is 188 kW (252 hp) and torque of 429 Nm, equivalent to the torque generated by the Vortec V8 gas engine 5, 3 quarts of GM.

Currently, truck speed reaches 201 km, with hydrogen stored in three bottles of compressed capacity up to 10,000 psi. Weight 3.4 tons, the acceleration of the Chevrolet Silverado FCV is equivalent to the Silverado cars, but outstanding advantage in that they do not produce harmful gases or exhaust noise. A rare find in most trucks now.

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42V electrical system for cars

Electrical systems on cars today plays a very important because equipment with more and more and are operated by electricity. According to the general trend, the future people will use 42V power source instead of the 12V batteries common.
The equipment, from simple heating seat to modern digital sound system, satellite equipment guide ... will gradually become standard equipment for any car which, thanks to the electronics increasingly lower prices. They all have one thing in common are electrically operated. Most cars today are fitted with batteries and charger 12V 14V (charging voltage should be higher than the battery).
Back to the 1950s and much earlier, a car is equipped with battery charger voltage of 6V and 7V. Of course, these old cars do not need more power than the ignition or a few light bulbs. Mid-50th century, the shift to 12V systems help bring manufacturers can use smaller wires and also involves generating more electricity facilities for cars. And when converting to use 42V electrical system, we will also gain the same benefits.
In fact, only in the charging voltage is 42V operation, while power generators have voltage 36V. If the voltage at 50V or more, you can touch the human heart stopped beating. 42V electrical system does not affect weight. With greater voltage, will need a thicker layer of insulation, but with 12V current, wire size should be large. Operate the equipment on the car in winter with a 14V charger to the electric current intensity of about 300A. 12V 300A intensity will give a capacity equivalent to 4.200W. Thus, to generate power equivalent to a voltage 42V, electric current just 100A. Wire which led to problems on the car is only the size of 1 / 3. Motor (hybrid) of the Toyota Prius. Motor (hybrid) of the Toyota Prius.

Besides, maybe even more advantages, such as starter and generator can be combined into a single department. Currently, hybrid vehicles (vehicles equipped with both electric motors and gasoline engines) are using this technology. It helps to start the engine in just over 1 / 5 seconds. The engine automatically switches off when the car stopped and returned to active status as soon as the driver hit the accelerator pedal. Thereby, gas engines also reduce fuel was not wasted.
There are many devices require voltage 42V. Examples of electronic braking systems, the electric heaters, ... The needs of customers for convenience, safety and high performance will drive change faster than this. However, it also created some problems. Greatest inconvenience to the vehicle owner is not cheap to upgrade the electrical systems on 12V to 42V. If to these two systems simultaneously, for different devices, such as back trouble should arise to two different chargers. The voltage change means items such as bulbs, fuses, switches and relays will need to be specially designed. With automotive engineers, one of the biggest challenges is how to eliminate electrical sparks when turned on, switch off (with 12V systems, the spark itself off).
These difficulties will pass. 42V electrical systems will dominate in the future. People will still drive cars as before, only with more advanced facilities and more on the car more power.

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The future of the cruise control system ACC

With today's cars, in addition to being the high quality facilities, a means must also satisfy the protection requirements of users. Manufacturers increasingly focus on the safety of vehicle and active cruise control system ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) is an important invention.
In recent years, active safety (active safety) receive much attention. Previously, it was the concept that responsibility for the accident on the way of driving. But everyone knows that everything can happen only in moments of the erring driver. But ACC is not only to protect the passengers, but it also brings many other benefits such as stopping traffic for example. And other experts said that in future, ACC will become standard equipment for cars, not unlike the glass door electrical control or power mirrors driver of today. The cruise control system usually allows only old-style pre-determined rate of interest and required each time you change settings. It works to help the driver can be disengaged during the long journey rather than decrease the risk of accidents.
Cruise control system of new type
More active ACC superior. This system checking the road ahead and reduce speed when approaching the car running. Currently, the new ACC is standard equipment on the BMW 7 Series, Jaguar XJ and Audi A8. Like the traction control system (Traction Control System), ABS antilock brakes, satellite guidance and the like, will gradually reduce the price of ACC and advancing to appear on popular models. Currently, the Fiat Stilo Abarth is one of the few vehicles fitted with ACC. Currently, there are many independent companies working on improvement of the ACC as E2V. In addition, vehicle manufacturers with built-in high-tech research labs will not be standing outside. BMW ACC and Distronic system called the Mercedes is a very prestigious product, increase brand value of its cars on the market.

The company specializes in British E2V technologies, patents are in the hands of Gunn diode technology, used on the fighter, is one of the ACC equipment suppliers. It uses short microwave at 77 GHz frequency range (ie 77 million signals per second). Laser can be used to achieve the same effect, but the disadvantage of the laser is unable to provide accurate information about distances in conditions of rain or fog.
Even with the market, ACC is still in the process of finishing. At this time, it was last measured distance of 150 meters ahead and reduce vehicle speed if an obstacle appears. What the ACC do not stop the car, but that in the E2V 2004, they will release the system not only capable but also automatically adjust the speed of vehicles to be installed without driver must be ordered. Moreover, it also works to alert when a vehicle approached, therefore, would minimize the blow knocked from behind. E2V also more aggressively when it announced in the next 2 years, car installation ACC also avoid the pedestrians, thanks to computer equipment including six short-range signals around the vehicle, and also to control vehicle not deviate from the prescribed lanes. Mercedes Distronic system.


One of the functions that most managers expect that ACC can facilitate communication effectively. Imagine two cars running in the same direction, the forward detecting trouble ahead (bad road surface, the collision occurred ,...) and alert communications system on the road. This system to notify the car behind. This car will slow down and perform other necessary tasks. The problem here is how to build a communications system on the road. According to calculations by E2V, the earliest in 2010 to be able to accomplish this.
Of course, there is a small inconvenience. In the next 10 years, assuming the driving became relaxed as we have just described above, the material pleasures is driving the car has lost power? Does ACC have automatic transmission as before, very convenient, but many people are processing?

In any event, the assessor for ACC market will grow. In 2002, about 100,000 cars worldwide installation of this system. Within four years, it can reach the number 8 million, mostly in Southeast Asia, Europe and America. Approximately 17% of cars in Europe have ACC as standard equipment. After that time, E2V predicted, the market will slow slightly in 2010 but also to 11.5 million cars with ACC, creating an industry worth $ 2.4 billion. But the real benefits that it brings so many times bigger than a lot of money saved through treatment of injuries due to accidents and the costs of organizing ... funeral.

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Run car technology to increase durability

Although he did not need to "abstain" to several thousand km as before but the new car a few hours of operation standards for details on the engine, gearbox or transmission wear an adequate and uniform.



End-run has new car is easy and necessary, considering the technical aspects of it. However, the problem is that users must be how to most effectively and realize the nature of this work.

End-run has actually creating wear are not buckled friction between the structures. The engine is usually most noticeable when running multi-end-in fact, gearbox and transmission are also areas where friction between the parts should also be "honing" the right way to increase life expectancy.





Driving slowly in the first kilometer. Photo: Yellow.

Driving slowly in the first kilometer.

The first thing to remember is that you should not carry weight, hit the end of the station, pulling other vehicles or they are overwhelmed by affect transmission. From the production line, the surface of the device is not smooth but has many small holes and edges. When the vehicle is operating, oil creates a thin, separate them. If not enough oil or unbearable load, the edge of oil passes through the membrane, the impact on other structure, causing the creation of warp and dent.

As for the light load, the wear points are convex and do not affect each other.

The production process of the company much better today than in 1970. The device has higher quality, the distance between them in the device and also near the precision is much higher. So if before end users must run thousands of kilometers, the radar is not so much. They only need to pay attention to this problem in the first few hours of operation. Then, when you walk a few hundred km on the request, eligible vehicles normal operation.

On startup, you need to get a few minutes in idle mode. Because if it was not long enough time, low oil pressure caused the equipment is not adequate lubrication. If at that sudden acceleration, friction will cause greater wear increases, creating openings and structures no longer fit together.

Therefore, the new car you should not increase the terminal size before the end of the combustion engine in idle mode for long enough. Also, avoid carrying heavy at several hundred km is also necessary. However, does not mean you're not carrying one on the car.

The driver of investment in trees is like trying to drive you to save fuel. Means an increase or decrease the gas slowly, limiting braking and keep your rpm in the second half the dashboard. On many cars, so experts recommend keeping your rpm at speeds under 3,000 rpm. When you need speed, you should press the accelerator is three quarters full.

Also on the floor of the car, you should not leave the car running at low speed high. This makes the engine work more hard. Finally, although not mandatory, but should limit the other sled.
Some people believe that ultimately run multi-is several miles away at the same speed is sufficient. However this is not necessary. You should speed up or slow down slightly to oil up above the engine, sufficient lubrication of critical equipment such as cylinder or valve, relief valve.

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Parking guide for beginning drivers

Parking is often one of the most feared techniques for the beginner to the driving, especially with those "rogue" central bank. In fact, when used with the car, you'll feel the car park will become easier

In this article you will know:

Parallel parking (also known as small multi-level car park) is one of the most feared techniques with new episodes, but it is not difficult as you think

Reverse parking (otherwise known as parking along small multi, or 'backward stable') easier, but there are many more potential damage

Anyway you should never panic when parking

Find a parking lot

Prerequisite for a single parking is perfect you have to find a place to park. Parking is often seen as a space, regardless of size, where you can leave your car to stop there.Of course, parking is not as simple as that.

Parking for the easiest one, you need to find a parking lot with my car recently. You can consider this general concept, we guarantee you some of our driver found a small parking lot as possible and then try to put their vehicle into the The most unusual location.

So look for a parking lot to fit your vehicle. Of course, that place must have size bigger than the car. Unfortunately, we can not just specific place can become a parking lot for your kindness, because depending on where in, you can spend more time to find a parking lot, where you can easily effortlessly to his car after returning home from office. NOTE find a safe place for your car although it can how far your home.

Parking techniques

There are two types of parking spaces often appear today: parallel and back. We will guide you through both methods, this parking fairly.

Reverse parking is a common method in the parking lot and is one of the techniques required on the test car driver's license (class B1, B2) in Vietnam. This paper, we aim to help you learn the techniques in practice parking rather than parking in the competition, because the school is sure you are always available for a parking area standards.

In the real world to find a spot to perform these skills is easy parking just like parallel parking, if it does not mean easier. Since in many car parks, parking places are usually separated by painted white or yellow, so your only job is to find any free seats.But with no parking lines separated, you must order to estimate the space can fit your car. The width of the vehicle is what you can easily estimate, since it is only a few inches wider than the width of the car's interior. Trouble is you have to find a space large enough to be able to open car doors after parking.

Often the distance between your car with two cars adjacent to at least 50cm wide, the new guarantee for success out of the car without leaving any injuries.

Parallel parking is the method most used, and most tests a driver's license of the country in the world, including skills. Although in our tests are not.

But, believe us, you will be regularly used to this type of parking, as it applies to all parking spaces beneath the road, and parallel parking is not difficult as you think.

Find a large enough parking place parallel parking can be made easier by its appearance. If you are unfamiliar with the car's size, you need to look out of the car, and remember to estimate the size of car parking over. Position of the vehicle parallel parking where it is moving into. Make sure the car is close to your car's front end.Observed behind the tail and check your distance from the car behind the nose is not.If there is parking for your car.

How do the cars 'back shed'?

This method is easily implemented than parallel parking, because it because it requires you to move the car less. As we have said above, you need to find a space large enough to be able to open car doors when parking is complete without impact on the car side, as well as space for other drivers may be out or into their vehicle at stops.

Once you find parking and then, make sure you drive the car into position so that your rear end in the middle distance between two adjacent vehicles. Typically you will do this by parking diagonally, from the starting position, you will hit the wheel to the left half or right. Once started the car back into the park, or slowly rotating wheel at the right point of its suspension. You should begin to implement this action as soon as the tail of your car into a space between two adjacent vehicles.

You may wonder why I have made a ton of action this hassle, when I can still easily find a way out though parking by the nose crashed into the parked car. The answer is simple. Because the front wheels are driven wheels for parking vehicles back allows you more options when you want to go out of the park.

Car parking will be limited to the nose by those choices, because both the adjacent car will stop when you turn the wheel to come out. This means you are capable of damaging the car around and your car will be higher.

However, with the parking like this, we suggest you do the opposite if you do not want to break down the "field" (Photo: Parking on the road Grapefruit, Hanoi).

Should and should not do when reverse parking

An unwritten rule, most importantly you must leave enough space for both you and the other drivers can enter and leave their cars easily. Secondly, as we have said in the parking lot of this kind, the parking can be marked by painted white or yellow, and contrary to the thinking of some people, the car must be parked between the twoscratch that.

Follow the separation line to allow more cars can park in the parking lot,

... And we guarantee that you will be smarting eyes if you see a guy that blatantly takes up two positions by stopping passing vehicles on separate lines.

And the third is whether you have to place a certain distance between his car and the car next to then remember that this distance is just enough for your spleen out of the car only. So do not have balls the size of all doors and damaged cars nearby.

How to parallel parking?

I found a suitable site, it's time for you to park your car on. Drive forward and stop parallel to the rear car parking space that you intend to ensure 1 meter distance between two vehicles. Both vehicles must be at least nose to nose across the parking lot of success. Xi launch parking labels to warn the motorists driving into the parking area you are.

Once you're aligned with the other vehicle, check the car on the left and start executing the parallel parking technique. Keep the wheels straight until the tail of the other appears in the corner mirrors of your car. Once you see it then, check out the wheel size on the right.

Just move the vehicle until the other car's tail is aligned with your car's side mirror.While moving, hit the wheel in the opposite direction. At this point, you should pay attention to the nose of his car to ensure it a certain distance with the car in front of the tail.

Once you have created the gap with another car, slowly turn the steering wheel straight, to finish the parking perfectly. If you feel your car is not aligned well, you can move the car forward or back to front after a bit depending on the location of your vehicle.

Should and should not do when parallel parking

The song in the parking lot is often at the side of the road, where traffic flow. When parking, make sure you do not have any car in the rear. If you have or emergency lights to the rear driver know you need to make space parking. In the case of two-lane street parking in, make sure your Left lane, no cars go through when you start turning.

Do not park the car at high speed. Parallel parking, though very easy, but it also requires skill at a certain level and you will not be able to accurately estimate distances when turning at high speed. Keep the car moving at constant speed during the car parking and do not stop until everything is complete.

Do not lose control. If the car park would take too long, the other drivers may become impatient and angry. Let them go through if you do not have any other choice, or continue to perform the parking which disregard the siren to "claim" is the way ru up loud in the rear.

Try to leave and distance to other vehicles can leave the parking. Make sure you have set aside enough distance with both cars you are passing in between them.

If you feel the distance between two parked cars before it could not fit my car, do not try to extruding them from the carbon position to insert into that cramped space.Because if you later want to pull the car out to be a problem. Remember that you have both legs, so look for a different parking spot, then get off and walk, even though the distance can be a bit further.

If you cause chaos

... Or should say "when you cause confusion." Unfortunately, we advise you not to shirk responsibility. In some cases, you can hit the car ahead or behind you, or do something that you do not intentionally. Interesting part is that most of the dents in the front bumper of the car was not caused by parked cars, but when you leave the parking lots should also pay attention to things you are doing.

When an accident happens, do not panic. Most of the damage you cause to another vehicle when parked vehicles are concentrated in the mirror side, so no need to stand up for it. If you hit the car owners stand around somewhere, please come to him / her to apologize to negotiate a compensation measures.

If car owners do not have that, you should politely leave notes for him / her on how to contact you but do not run the village. Nothing embarrassing if you admit a mistake.Because I'm sure you will be very angry if after a shopping back and see my car away in which no one to blame. So please try not to push others into the same situation.

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