Experience driving through flooded road

In all situations flooded streets, is the best way ... do not go through or restricted.
Where there is no choice, forced to venture through flooded areas should be motivated to remove the air filter to remove wind directly into the engine compartment (highest position) via the air without charge under the car ( lower position). Beyond the flooding, the engine re-installed air filters as original. However, the water safety warning is less than 25 cm, not through the wheel center.
Special attention when driving in the same direction and opposite direction will occur to create waves, capable of high water and flooding roads wind load, the engine air filter. Stock inlet on the Ford Laser, which are vulnerable to water.Stock inlet on the Ford Laser, which are vulnerable to water.
Should switch off the AC (air conditioning), went No. 1, all stations run at a moderate level, keeping the machine full blast, driving calmly. With an automatic car, switched to semi-automatic and at 1. If you leave, the car will make to the No. 2 station was weak, leading to overflow into the engine through the pipe po. Pedal cars should not taper the floor when the room flooded.

Many drivers have said that paddy ga real hard to pass cars. In fact this solution is very dangerous because power station will cause increased water flow through the grille, flowing into the syringe. In addition, when gas rose dramatically higher rpm machine, if the water in hydro-file will make a stronger phenomenon, leading to a curved boundary hands.
Through the flooded room, you need to go forward a paragraph, brake clearance to remove the disk. Then check back down the engine, chassis.
If the car is suddenly off the flooded area, absolute and must be restarted immediately contact telephone hotline rescue, agents or salespeople for advice guides, find measures optimal for processing.
The reason is that the normal machine operation, the piston forced labor to load the gas mixture at a rate of 1,000 rpm. Because the gas mixture was loaded and occupied the country since the water is not compressible, so pressure has created a jet to deform the curved edge and piston arms, your hands are too curved boundary will be broken. This would breach paragraph breaks into your engine destroyed
When you call for rescue or drivers also noted if the car equipped automatic system, automatic anti-slide, automatically install the bridge, turn automatic stability against the 4WD or full time so only by towing Car Desk (4 wheels not turning).
 

 
Also, due to lose so many drivers open the door without paying attention to water levels. If the water is higher than the lowest part of the door, never opened, because the water will overflow into external damage to the electronic system, when it should open a window to the car. 

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The fuel saving technology

According to data of the United States Energy Research, the technology developed in recent years can save between 7% to 12% of the cost of fuel for cars.
The development of science and technology have contributed significantly to improving process efficiency and fuel economy, especially when rising gasoline prices. A series of solutions from the chemistry, biology and mechanics are proposed. However, not all positive results, although they work well at a certain time.
Research institutions and renewable energy the U.S. has tested the technology works to improve the fuel consumption but does not alter the structure of the engine. The statistical results are determined using the period 300,000 km, gas prices at $ 3.07 per barrel (equivalent to 3.785 liters per barrel) and consumption rate 11 liters per 100 kilometers.
1. Variable valve technology time Honda VTEC technology.


VVT (Variable Valve Timing & Lift) control the flow of air and fuel into the cylinders and the exhaust comes out the exhaust system. Through the VVT, the system will automatically adjust the charge-discharge time for optimal combustion takes place most effectively. According to reviews, VVT is likely to increase about 5% fuel efficiency, equivalent to $ 1,400.
2. Cylinder system initiative Cylinder system initiative.

English term "cylinder deactivation" technology capable off half the engine cylinders when not needed and re-enabled when the vehicle load changes. Technical innovation can help improve vehicle efficiency by 7.5% fuel use, or save $ 2,000.
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3. Turbine turbocharger and supercharger


Known as the "turbocharger" and "supercharger", improves engine power, reduce the size without losing functionality. Can improve performance up 7.5% savings of $ 2,000 and the cost of gasoline.
4. The system automatically shut down

Automatically shutdown or restart the engine when the car stopped to reduce consumption and improve performance up to 8%, equivalent to $ 2,200. English name: "Integrated Starter / Generator - ISG.


5. Gasoline direct injection technology
Spray fuel directly into the cylinder through multi-point injector (Direct Fuel Injection). This technology enabled the creation of volume ratio of air / fuel optimization, making the process more complete combustion occurs. This is one of the most effective improvements to increase performance up to 12% savings is $ 3,200.
6. Stepless gearbox


English term "Continuously Variable Transmission." Transmission technology using an infinite number of "levels" or a transmission ratio undefined. Though there are difficulties in fabrication and may be common, but CVT (for use on motorcycles scooters) has demonstrated the role of improving efficiency by 6%, equivalent to the amount of $ 1,600 savings.
7. Semi-automatic gearbox
Combining the advantages of both manual and automatic (Automated Manual Transmission). It works like manual gearboxes, but the driver does not need to use your hands to some structure to the electrically driven through the hydraulic system. AMT can improve efficiency by 7% of fuel, equivalent to $ 1,900.

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Features of telematics systems for cars

Received information about the hot time of the international situation, monitoring the weather reports, updates stock market price or even information about the schedule ahead, is called telematics systems are gradually become an essential equipment in the car.

"Telematics", sounds strange, but actually it is formed from the combination of the words Telecommunication (Telecom) and Informatics (information technology - information technology). Its a combination of several devices, an electronic system that makes communicating with your vehicle into the information network of today. These systems such as OnStar from General Motors and Chrysler Bluetooth are two examples of the interaction of communications with the use of the car. Just press the OnStar button control, you are connected to a control center via the telephone system of the car (provided that the registered), from which you will receive instructions about travel map, can find the exact addresses of a building need to, or even a book for soccer games upcoming. More conveniently, you just need to voice commands and the system will send a request to the center. The answers will also be played through your car speakers.

OnStar helps find stolen car or open the car door as if to forget the keys inside. In addition, when an accident, airbags are activated, system will automatically notify the central relief device by GPS satellite navigation. Aid workers would immediately contact you and conduct an emergency assistance when there is no response. Personal Calling is one of the latest capabilities of OnStar. You can register a personal phone number on the car make and receive calls even when you're in traffic. It's much more convenient than a cell phone by voice control (no ability to distract the driver's observations), the signal is stronger thanks to the antenna.

(Hummer GM OnStar system installed. )

Developed by Chrysler system has other features. Was installed on Chrysler new car Chrysler Pacifica and 300 (version 2005) is a Bluetooth phone (wireless technology). You can dial while hands are still raw wheel set, by reading the number to call or read the recipient's name. Chrysler uses satellite positioning system GPS to measure the coordinates of the vehicle. Map is displayed on a screen, identifying the selected path. The system can also be installed for every change on the route will be announced through loudspeakers on vehicles, helping the driver does not need to observe the screen. The address may be keyed into the system by street names, location map and address may be nhập vào Businesses by phone. The interaction with people driving to a minimum in getting Extremely effective type.



(XM Radio on the Chevrolet Tahoe. )

Volvo Ergovision system (to be copyrighted) allowed to record the physical parameters of the driver (height, leg and arm length), stored in an electronic card. When installing this card on the central trunk, seat position, steering wheel, pedals, headrest and seat belt is automatically adjusted so that drivers get the best visibility. Car YCC (Your Concept Car), Volvo has a function that both men and women with a desire to help when needed backed into another vehicle was parked between two beans available. A sensor collects information about the space that you plan to park the car. Then, the car will automatically arrange the movement of the steering wheel properly.

In the U.S. today, car users can register to listen to satellite radio, captured about 100 different waves. The most prominent current system is XM Satellite Radio (on the car of General Motors), and Sirius Satellite Radio (on Chrysler vehicles.) When listening to music, both shows artist, song name, album is in any. This system can easily be added to the development of digital TV, internet connection ... Most of telematics systems currently used for recreational purposes. Others will always include both information only and car safety. In the future, will feature more diverse and more necessary.

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Gasoline engine is not 'spark'

New combustion technology called GDI Sonex was released earlier this month using the piston carrying flammable chemical compound to replace the spark plug, so the engine can run gasoline, diesel or ethanol.


This is the inventor of the company Sonex Research, USA. Diesel engines have high compression ratios without the ignition device (spark plug). However, in reality, the phenomenon of self-detonation is occurring in both gasoline and diesel at low compression ratio. To overcome self-detonation phenomena, the research firm released Sonex piston types can help burn light fuel such as alcohol, gasoline or heavy as diesel fuel without spark plugs. Sonex technology with best performance when the engine is equipped with fuel injection system directly.

Sonex Piston GDI.

Sonex Research companies have offices in Maryland, U.S., believe the fuel savings achieved when the control system itself detonated SCAI (Sonex Controlled Auto Ignition), developed with direct fuel injection system Next GDI (Gasoline Direct Injected). When combining the two technologies, the engine will not spark and throttle. "Sonex GDI is 25% improved fuel consumption," said Dr. Andrew pouring, president of tech research labs, the Naval Academy, United States, declared.

The phenomenon of self-detonation

The top piston is designed into the small chamber (a micro-chamber), and linked together by paths. When the fuel injectors spray into the combustion chamber, allowing parts SCAI a little fuel into a small chamber in the piston system. The chemical combustion chamber will activate the fuel volume, and spread from the combustion chamber to another chamber before combustion air from escaping gas outside the main combustion chamber. Thus, combustion occurs when the piston compression ratio is low, negate the phenomenon of self-detonate. Inside the piston part includes a lot of holes the size of a millionth of a meter.

Currently, Sonex GDI is widely used on U.S. military equipment in Iraq. However, the auto industry is not indifferent to it. The main cause is under pouring PhD: "The automobile manufacturers are often reluctant to use the inventions are not of them. Moreover, vehicle manufacturers are often interested in the concentration of engine emissions, rather than consumption fuel. "

However, a law on standard fuel consumption of vehicles has been signed in the U.S. Congress in August 2005. Accordingly, by 2014, all vehicles must have a fuel consumption limit by the National Highway Traffic Safety United States (NHTSA) issued. Currently, the Sonex is being submitted to NHTSA the scientific evidence to prove Sonex GDI technology can save 20-30% of fuel consumption, while reducing emissions. If the results show, most likely it will pave the way for a bill on federal fuel economy standards in the future.

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History of octane

Nearly two decades after Carl Benz built a car powered by gasoline engines first, technical experts realized that the phenomenon does not allow them to knock discretion to increase the strength of the internal combustion engine. (Model T Ford. )


The late 19th and early 20th century, the history of internal combustion engine turns a new page. Who initiated the revolution in automotive technology - the motorcycle that period was Wilhelm Gottlieb Daimler, the German engine design, when in 1885, he successfully tests two-wheeled vehicles powered by an internal combustion engine cylinder. Parallel and independent Wilhelm Daimler, in 1886, Carl Freidrich Benz receives patent for invention "transported by gasoline engine with four-wheel car, engine cooling in a cylinder. And across the Atlantic, in 1903 marking the birth of one of the most famous car company now, Ford Motor Company founded by Henry Ford.

Gigantic profits earned from the production car, plus the emergence of a series of patents has pulled all of the car and the engine development on the fiercely competitive technology. The car company regularly upgrades the engine structure by incorporating more advanced features such as cooling system, ignition system automatic, and more importantly, always believed that the strength of the motor combustion can be increased to an arbitrary way, because in theory, thermodynamics, with the higher compression ratio, thermal efficiency as close to maximum.

But, in 1912, they had to control the compression ratio to below a permissible value. Cause decision goes against the trend of development is the explosion "vortex glass" occurs when the engine is working, more dangerous, this engine also destroyed after only a few minutes to appear. At that time, the engineers said that the word "vortex glass" caused the spark system is provided for vehicles with the "problem", while the engine developers said they could improve strength and motor performance, if the phenomenon to be overcome.

(Charles F. Kettering.)
Facing this challenge, Charles F Kettering, head of research firm General Motors has given the task Midgley Thomas colleagues to find out exactly the cause of the phenomenon.

Initially, they use pressure recorders Dobbie-McInnes and proved that the word "vortex glass" did not show up due to the ignition of the electric system, it appears that the right time pressure increases intense after spark ignition. However, pressure recorders are not suitable for further research so Midgley and Bob have used a high-speed camera to observe exactly what is happening while the engine work at the same time, development display a high energy to measure the blast.

Parallel trials of Thomas Midgley, Sir Harry Ricardo - expert engine of the British Royal Army - introduces the concept of choosing compression ratio for optimum engine compression ratio change. However, given the score that Ricardo is not absolute because there are many other parameters such as ignition time, clean condition and position of the ignition key, engine temperature ...

Vehicle manufacturers, engine researchers finally have to admit that they forgot to study, not developing an important component affecting the operation of the internal combustion engine: fuel. Fuel used for combustion exists a special nature: it will fire and detonated himself when compressed in the cylinder under high pressure, before spark ignition.

From the results of the research go ahead, 1927, the Edgar Graham, an employee's child in the U.S. Ethyl Corporation, proposed to use two hydrocarbon-knock rating for fuel: n-heptan and 2,4,4-trimetylpentan, also called an iso-is inaccurate octane.

Iso-octane anti-knock index higher, while n-heptan-resistant detonation was poor and Edgar has proposed using the ratio of these two agents to assess the resistance to detonation of the fuel used in the combustion engine. He has also demonstrated that anti-knock value of all types of commercial gasoline which can be provided on the volume ratio n-heptan: octane is between 60:40 to 40:60. Thus, if we are out of gasoline on the counters in 30 of the last century, we can only buy petrol from the A40 to the A60 only.

The reason that Edgar technical in nature given when using these two agents that they have physical properties very close to each other as the nature volatile and especially boiling, so when we change the score " heptan: iso-octane 'from 100:0 up to 0:100 parameters is almost negligible on the change. This is very important for the process of testing, because of the possibility of fuel evaporation great influence to the operation of the engine.

Edgar had a lot of parameters obtained from this experiment, however, at present, the most popular remain two parameters RON (Research Octane Number Research-octane) and MON (Motor Octane Number-octane action muscle).

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Fuel cell cars on the road

Ford has just delivered five Ford Focus fuel cell-powered (FCV) for the Canadian government, while the other 25 will be real test in the U.S. and Germany. Cars powered by fuel cell Ford Focus 2005.
This is the third generation FCV Ford launched the first generation, but is being tried to participate in public transport. Hydrogen instead of gasoline could be the future for all types of vehicles in the future.

8 years have passed since the test sample for Ford cars powered by fuel cell (FCV) Ford Focus named P2000. This car requires 30 minutes to boot, even acceleration is very slow. But now, Ford has completed the third-generation FCV, fuel cell performance using the Ballard Mark 902 series production in Canada and compressed hydrogen cylinders 5000 psi pressure of Dynatek.
Ballard fuel cell 902 is a slim cell proton exchange membrane (PEM-Proton Exchange Menbrane). Hydrogen from the container will be directed to an electrode placed in a stack. Electrodes are coated with a catalyst effective separation of hydrogen atoms into smaller components including the proton and electron. The electrons are used to generate energy while hydrogen protons will travel through a thin film of polymer to the other electrode in combination with oxygen to create water vapor - the only waste harmless.

Focus FCV 2005 is a combination of hybrid technology currently used in the same car companies like Ford Escape. Even under the hood is arranged hybid power system dynamics. Hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen compounds batteries - nickel reserves are installed under the floor of the vehicle is placed in the container of hydrogen-cars.
Brake system uses hydraulic power-electronic control mode (brake-by-wire) for maximum energy conversion efficiency of braking forces, turning vehicle energy to move slowly back into electrical energy, accumulation in cells.

According to Ford, the Focus FCV looks like any other Focus cars, including the driver, too. We can say, this is the car was environmentally friendly Ford built elaborate, most sophisticated and complex.
Ford's partners, including the Government of Canada, Association of Canadian fuel cell, are collaborating to run tests and monitor the practical application of this model in the next 3 years. This is one of the hydrogen-related programs in the project "hydrogen highway" to-Whistler-Vancouver till 2010. Focus FCV will have to present themselves as a means of confidence in the long road ahead. Chevrolet Silverado, the truck uses GM's fuel cell.
In addition, General Motors (GM) has just delivered the first truck to use fuel cells for U.S. troops to bring reality check. Chevrolet Silverado fuel cell uses two 94 kW power generated total capacity is 188 kW (252 hp) and torque of 429 Nm, equivalent to the torque generated by the Vortec V8 gas engine 5, 3 quarts of GM.

Currently, truck speed reaches 201 km, with hydrogen stored in three bottles of compressed capacity up to 10,000 psi. Weight 3.4 tons, the acceleration of the Chevrolet Silverado FCV is equivalent to the Silverado cars, but outstanding advantage in that they do not produce harmful gases or exhaust noise. A rare find in most trucks now.

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42V electrical system for cars

Electrical systems on cars today plays a very important because equipment with more and more and are operated by electricity. According to the general trend, the future people will use 42V power source instead of the 12V batteries common.
The equipment, from simple heating seat to modern digital sound system, satellite equipment guide ... will gradually become standard equipment for any car which, thanks to the electronics increasingly lower prices. They all have one thing in common are electrically operated. Most cars today are fitted with batteries and charger 12V 14V (charging voltage should be higher than the battery).
Back to the 1950s and much earlier, a car is equipped with battery charger voltage of 6V and 7V. Of course, these old cars do not need more power than the ignition or a few light bulbs. Mid-50th century, the shift to 12V systems help bring manufacturers can use smaller wires and also involves generating more electricity facilities for cars. And when converting to use 42V electrical system, we will also gain the same benefits.
In fact, only in the charging voltage is 42V operation, while power generators have voltage 36V. If the voltage at 50V or more, you can touch the human heart stopped beating. 42V electrical system does not affect weight. With greater voltage, will need a thicker layer of insulation, but with 12V current, wire size should be large. Operate the equipment on the car in winter with a 14V charger to the electric current intensity of about 300A. 12V 300A intensity will give a capacity equivalent to 4.200W. Thus, to generate power equivalent to a voltage 42V, electric current just 100A. Wire which led to problems on the car is only the size of 1 / 3. Motor (hybrid) of the Toyota Prius. Motor (hybrid) of the Toyota Prius.

Besides, maybe even more advantages, such as starter and generator can be combined into a single department. Currently, hybrid vehicles (vehicles equipped with both electric motors and gasoline engines) are using this technology. It helps to start the engine in just over 1 / 5 seconds. The engine automatically switches off when the car stopped and returned to active status as soon as the driver hit the accelerator pedal. Thereby, gas engines also reduce fuel was not wasted.
There are many devices require voltage 42V. Examples of electronic braking systems, the electric heaters, ... The needs of customers for convenience, safety and high performance will drive change faster than this. However, it also created some problems. Greatest inconvenience to the vehicle owner is not cheap to upgrade the electrical systems on 12V to 42V. If to these two systems simultaneously, for different devices, such as back trouble should arise to two different chargers. The voltage change means items such as bulbs, fuses, switches and relays will need to be specially designed. With automotive engineers, one of the biggest challenges is how to eliminate electrical sparks when turned on, switch off (with 12V systems, the spark itself off).
These difficulties will pass. 42V electrical systems will dominate in the future. People will still drive cars as before, only with more advanced facilities and more on the car more power.

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The future of the cruise control system ACC

With today's cars, in addition to being the high quality facilities, a means must also satisfy the protection requirements of users. Manufacturers increasingly focus on the safety of vehicle and active cruise control system ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) is an important invention.
In recent years, active safety (active safety) receive much attention. Previously, it was the concept that responsibility for the accident on the way of driving. But everyone knows that everything can happen only in moments of the erring driver. But ACC is not only to protect the passengers, but it also brings many other benefits such as stopping traffic for example. And other experts said that in future, ACC will become standard equipment for cars, not unlike the glass door electrical control or power mirrors driver of today. The cruise control system usually allows only old-style pre-determined rate of interest and required each time you change settings. It works to help the driver can be disengaged during the long journey rather than decrease the risk of accidents.
Cruise control system of new type
More active ACC superior. This system checking the road ahead and reduce speed when approaching the car running. Currently, the new ACC is standard equipment on the BMW 7 Series, Jaguar XJ and Audi A8. Like the traction control system (Traction Control System), ABS antilock brakes, satellite guidance and the like, will gradually reduce the price of ACC and advancing to appear on popular models. Currently, the Fiat Stilo Abarth is one of the few vehicles fitted with ACC. Currently, there are many independent companies working on improvement of the ACC as E2V. In addition, vehicle manufacturers with built-in high-tech research labs will not be standing outside. BMW ACC and Distronic system called the Mercedes is a very prestigious product, increase brand value of its cars on the market.

The company specializes in British E2V technologies, patents are in the hands of Gunn diode technology, used on the fighter, is one of the ACC equipment suppliers. It uses short microwave at 77 GHz frequency range (ie 77 million signals per second). Laser can be used to achieve the same effect, but the disadvantage of the laser is unable to provide accurate information about distances in conditions of rain or fog.
Even with the market, ACC is still in the process of finishing. At this time, it was last measured distance of 150 meters ahead and reduce vehicle speed if an obstacle appears. What the ACC do not stop the car, but that in the E2V 2004, they will release the system not only capable but also automatically adjust the speed of vehicles to be installed without driver must be ordered. Moreover, it also works to alert when a vehicle approached, therefore, would minimize the blow knocked from behind. E2V also more aggressively when it announced in the next 2 years, car installation ACC also avoid the pedestrians, thanks to computer equipment including six short-range signals around the vehicle, and also to control vehicle not deviate from the prescribed lanes. Mercedes Distronic system.


One of the functions that most managers expect that ACC can facilitate communication effectively. Imagine two cars running in the same direction, the forward detecting trouble ahead (bad road surface, the collision occurred ,...) and alert communications system on the road. This system to notify the car behind. This car will slow down and perform other necessary tasks. The problem here is how to build a communications system on the road. According to calculations by E2V, the earliest in 2010 to be able to accomplish this.
Of course, there is a small inconvenience. In the next 10 years, assuming the driving became relaxed as we have just described above, the material pleasures is driving the car has lost power? Does ACC have automatic transmission as before, very convenient, but many people are processing?

In any event, the assessor for ACC market will grow. In 2002, about 100,000 cars worldwide installation of this system. Within four years, it can reach the number 8 million, mostly in Southeast Asia, Europe and America. Approximately 17% of cars in Europe have ACC as standard equipment. After that time, E2V predicted, the market will slow slightly in 2010 but also to 11.5 million cars with ACC, creating an industry worth $ 2.4 billion. But the real benefits that it brings so many times bigger than a lot of money saved through treatment of injuries due to accidents and the costs of organizing ... funeral.

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