8:40 p.m.
Akido
Nearly two decades after Carl Benz built a car powered by gasoline engines first, technical experts realized that the phenomenon does not allow them to knock discretion to increase the strength of the internal combustion engine. (Model T Ford. )
The late 19th and early 20th century, the history of internal combustion engine turns a new page. Who initiated the revolution in automotive technology - the motorcycle that period was Wilhelm Gottlieb Daimler, the German engine design, when in 1885, he successfully tests two-wheeled vehicles powered by an internal combustion engine cylinder. Parallel and independent Wilhelm Daimler, in 1886, Carl Freidrich Benz receives patent for invention "transported by gasoline engine with four-wheel car, engine cooling in a cylinder. And across the Atlantic, in 1903 marking the birth of one of the most famous car company now, Ford Motor Company founded by Henry Ford.
Gigantic profits earned from the production car, plus the emergence of a series of patents has pulled all of the car and the engine development on the fiercely competitive technology. The car company regularly upgrades the engine structure by incorporating more advanced features such as cooling system, ignition system automatic, and more importantly, always believed that the strength of the motor combustion can be increased to an arbitrary way, because in theory, thermodynamics, with the higher compression ratio, thermal efficiency as close to maximum.
But, in 1912, they had to control the compression ratio to below a permissible value. Cause decision goes against the trend of development is the explosion "vortex glass" occurs when the engine is working, more dangerous, this engine also destroyed after only a few minutes to appear. At that time, the engineers said that the word "vortex glass" caused the spark system is provided for vehicles with the "problem", while the engine developers said they could improve strength and motor performance, if the phenomenon to be overcome.
(Charles F. Kettering.)
Facing this challenge, Charles F Kettering, head of research firm General Motors has given the task Midgley Thomas colleagues to find out exactly the cause of the phenomenon.
Initially, they use pressure recorders Dobbie-McInnes and proved that the word "vortex glass" did not show up due to the ignition of the electric system, it appears that the right time pressure increases intense after spark ignition. However, pressure recorders are not suitable for further research so Midgley and Bob have used a high-speed camera to observe exactly what is happening while the engine work at the same time, development display a high energy to measure the blast.
Parallel trials of Thomas Midgley, Sir Harry Ricardo - expert engine of the British Royal Army - introduces the concept of choosing compression ratio for optimum engine compression ratio change. However, given the score that Ricardo is not absolute because there are many other parameters such as ignition time, clean condition and position of the ignition key, engine temperature ...
Vehicle manufacturers, engine researchers finally have to admit that they forgot to study, not developing an important component affecting the operation of the internal combustion engine: fuel. Fuel used for combustion exists a special nature: it will fire and detonated himself when compressed in the cylinder under high pressure, before spark ignition.
From the results of the research go ahead, 1927, the Edgar Graham, an employee's child in the U.S. Ethyl Corporation, proposed to use two hydrocarbon-knock rating for fuel: n-heptan and 2,4,4-trimetylpentan, also called an iso-is inaccurate octane.
Iso-octane anti-knock index higher, while n-heptan-resistant detonation was poor and Edgar has proposed using the ratio of these two agents to assess the resistance to detonation of the fuel used in the combustion engine. He has also demonstrated that anti-knock value of all types of commercial gasoline which can be provided on the volume ratio n-heptan: octane is between 60:40 to 40:60. Thus, if we are out of gasoline on the counters in 30 of the last century, we can only buy petrol from the A40 to the A60 only.
The reason that Edgar technical in nature given when using these two agents that they have physical properties very close to each other as the nature volatile and especially boiling, so when we change the score " heptan: iso-octane 'from 100:0 up to 0:100 parameters is almost negligible on the change. This is very important for the process of testing, because of the possibility of fuel evaporation great influence to the operation of the engine.
Edgar had a lot of parameters obtained from this experiment, however, at present, the most popular remain two parameters RON (Research Octane Number Research-octane) and MON (Motor Octane Number-octane action muscle).
Facing this challenge, Charles F Kettering, head of research firm General Motors has given the task Midgley Thomas colleagues to find out exactly the cause of the phenomenon.
Initially, they use pressure recorders Dobbie-McInnes and proved that the word "vortex glass" did not show up due to the ignition of the electric system, it appears that the right time pressure increases intense after spark ignition. However, pressure recorders are not suitable for further research so Midgley and Bob have used a high-speed camera to observe exactly what is happening while the engine work at the same time, development display a high energy to measure the blast.
Parallel trials of Thomas Midgley, Sir Harry Ricardo - expert engine of the British Royal Army - introduces the concept of choosing compression ratio for optimum engine compression ratio change. However, given the score that Ricardo is not absolute because there are many other parameters such as ignition time, clean condition and position of the ignition key, engine temperature ...
Vehicle manufacturers, engine researchers finally have to admit that they forgot to study, not developing an important component affecting the operation of the internal combustion engine: fuel. Fuel used for combustion exists a special nature: it will fire and detonated himself when compressed in the cylinder under high pressure, before spark ignition.
From the results of the research go ahead, 1927, the Edgar Graham, an employee's child in the U.S. Ethyl Corporation, proposed to use two hydrocarbon-knock rating for fuel: n-heptan and 2,4,4-trimetylpentan, also called an iso-is inaccurate octane.
Iso-octane anti-knock index higher, while n-heptan-resistant detonation was poor and Edgar has proposed using the ratio of these two agents to assess the resistance to detonation of the fuel used in the combustion engine. He has also demonstrated that anti-knock value of all types of commercial gasoline which can be provided on the volume ratio n-heptan: octane is between 60:40 to 40:60. Thus, if we are out of gasoline on the counters in 30 of the last century, we can only buy petrol from the A40 to the A60 only.
The reason that Edgar technical in nature given when using these two agents that they have physical properties very close to each other as the nature volatile and especially boiling, so when we change the score " heptan: iso-octane 'from 100:0 up to 0:100 parameters is almost negligible on the change. This is very important for the process of testing, because of the possibility of fuel evaporation great influence to the operation of the engine.
Edgar had a lot of parameters obtained from this experiment, however, at present, the most popular remain two parameters RON (Research Octane Number Research-octane) and MON (Motor Octane Number-octane action muscle).
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