Pure electric vehicles (reference)

I am a skilled auto mechanic, this article I want to share with everyone a little bit about my experience electric cars. I am currently living and working in Vietnam can be so many words I used are not absolute accuracy.

1: Device Control
Control equipment is used to interrupt current flowing through the circuit. Control equipment including multifunction switches, relays, xolenoi.
Electronic control devices including capacitors, diodes, transistors.
Control equipment for start, stop or electric current again in mach.Hau all switches require physical manipulation to work, while the relays and electrically operated tu.Trong xolenoi this the reed switch to open and close the ON / OFF the circuit control device.

 
a.Cong rules

-Type of a contact switch: the simplest type of switch is the switch has a "reed" or "knife". It is either open or closed circuit for a circuit has a foot switch don.Cong go in and out of a contact switch.
 
Two-point contact type switch: A switch to a second leg of a wire into the switch and two wires to the switch ra.Mot phase transition is a clear example of the switch to a two-foot rule diem.Cong This supply line to the vessel shed light phase or early cos
Multiple-contact type switch: A switch legs much more contact switches are also considered "the", there are more mobile in the wires of different circuits in parallel

 

The switch machine is a good example for many to switch several feet legs diem.Moi line switch takes place outside the circuit at the same time depending on the location of the chan.Noi clear that the contacts will be closed on each position to determine when a point close
Spit-type temporary switch: This switch type has a spring load to keep the circuit when there is no spring force pressing the button press on the switch tac.Khi do it close to the back, drop the hand springs will push the contacts exposed. 

 
 
The image above shows a common type mo.Cong horn switch is a good example of impregnated thoi.An switch button switch, the horn will sound, releasing not cry anymore.
One other type is usually close to the working principle is similar tren.Lo circuit breaker contact spring holding force when pressing the button tac.Noi other circuit is maintained at steady state (communication circuits) until the force push button switch

 
Mercury-switch: a vote is made of plastic containing a sealed part in the election ngan.Ben plastic water are two further points dien.Khi switch back (vertical) mercury flooding the rest of the plastic tube with through circuit switches do dien.Cong mercury switches used in the detector, such a warning device on the other den.Nhung interrupt fuel use is not rising, and a number of applications for sensor khi.Thuy bags and bank erosion hazard caution when working with your hands
 

Bimetal-switch: a switch with temperature changes, also known as bi-metal switch, a bimetallic element to open or closed to a point at which do.Trong temperature switch coolant temperature engine (Engine Coolant Temperature switch) when the cooling water reaches the limit temperature (too hot), followed by the bimetallic element to contact each other through light circuit warning lights on the dashboard taplo.
The switch-on time (time delay switch) switch timing has a range of bimetallic, contacts and a heating element switches nong.Cong timing is often dong.Khi current flows through the switch, current is run through the heating element to heat it makes bimetallic range flexed and disconnect power mach.Dong continue to run through the heating element, the range is hot and bi-metal contact switches are kept open ra.Khoang latency before opening the switch contacts is determined by the sequence characteristics of bi-metal and the heat generated by heating element nong.Khi power to the switch is turned off, cooling and heating element array returned bimetallic original position and close contact lai.Mot applications commonly used by the switch timing is after the glass broke
 
Bureau of flash (flasher) fire department operations are basically the same as the time switch, except when the contacts open, the flow is stopped through heating element makes nong.Dieu range and bi-metal heating elements are cooled . bimetallic sequence will return to its original position at closing, the line ran through to score and the heating element once nua.Chu this process will repeat until the source to the fire department shall take di.Thuong it is used to turn lights (flasher turn signals) or priority lights (hazard lamp)
 
Relays

Relay switch is a simple remote control, it uses a small current to control a big line so it is used to protect the switch should also be considered as a protective device ve.Mot typical relay control circuit and relay control nguon.Ket structure consists of a core, a coil and a contact from.

  
Relay mounted everywhere on all xe.Hop relay, including large and small are mounted inside the engine compartment, in the bottom left or right side cabin cover, or often mounted under the taplo.
Roles are often associated with the grouping device
 

Lid of fuse box / relay usually has the name and location of each fuse, relay or other elements inside the melt.

 

Relay is an electric switch remote control and is controlled by a switch as the switch khac.Chang trumpet or a processor within a small current ECU.Role allow passage to control a large current through mach.Mot couple of relay design is used today may be 3 feet, 4 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet 
 
 
All roles are active ban.Chung same principles we will use the four legs of the relay for a second du.Role circuit: control circuit (green) and the circuit load (red). Circuit controller a small coil in the circuit load with a switch.
 

Open relay (relay energized)
Current flows through the coil circuit (pin No. 1 and No. 3) create a small field close contact (legs 2 and 4). Next point, is part of the load circuit, are used to no.Dong control circuit connected to the foot run over 2 and 4 when the relay is activated (open state)
relay off (relay de-energized)
When the line stopped running through the circuit (pin No. 1 and No. 3) relay becomes disconnected. There is no magnetic field, and the exposed contacts are prevented from running over the foot of No. 2 and No. 4.Role now disconnect.
-When no voltage placed on pin 1, no lines running through the coil day.Khong line means no magnetic field should generate a voltage when they ra.Khi put a pin number, the line passes through coil generates a magnetic field needed to close the circuit to allow a common point between legs 2 and 4.
-Relay is designed or normally closed (closed thường) or normally open (open thường). Pay attention to two types of relay contacts shown below

Normally open relay contacts open until the file (ON), a type of normally closed contacts closed until the file (ON). Roles are always reflected in the position may be offensive, that is, when not a line running through the coil and normally open circuit OFF.Role most used on each xe.Tuy course will be used depending on individual applications.

COLD-voltage (electromotive force REVERSE)
When contact is closed (left), current flows through the coil from the anode to the cathode represented by colored lines do.Dong electricity creates a magnetic field around the coil winding is day.Phia on the positive, the bottom is negative

When exposed to the (right), the line stopped running through the coil and magnetic field around the coil is no longer only a field tri.Khi lost in an induction coil will dayno a voltage on its own, creates a reverse voltage (up to several hundred von.Mac though still above the coil is positive but below the 12V coil voltage was born a few hundred volts positive. 200 volts so much more powerful 12V line now Power will run from the bottom to the top coil.

ROLE-MODEL VOLTAGE eliminate Forbidden
Roles are usually controlled by a processor (eg, radiator fan control relay medium speed relay and radiator fan control speed is two transistors in the ECU controls the opening and closing). When the relay is controlled by semiconductors such as transistors, they are forced to eliminate voltage device inductance to protect the semiconductor capital unbearable cao.Cac voltage semiconductor (solid-state circuits) vulnerable (vulnerable ) by voltage inductance

 

While some processors have circuit design eliminates voltage inductance inside, others make themselves feel suppressed voltage from within role.Dien become highly Ohm, diode, capacitors are used to eliminate ap.Diode electrical resistance and was used commonly nhat.Chu Note: relay usually clearly noted if any diode or resistor inside
A diode prevents line inductance is connected in parallel with coil role.No inversely with the direction of opening more so when there is no line running through diode.Khi interrupt controller relay (contacts open) line will stop running through the coil wire, causing the decrease of magnetic field lines from truong.Cac through the coil generates a voltage and reverse voltage in the coil day.Dien starts up len.Khi reverse voltage below the diode reverse voltage higher positive above 0.7V, the diode power diode will lead to the high voltage line to the destructive effects qua.Ket inductance voltage
 
Ohm resistors are sometimes used rather high for diode.Dien become more durable and can eliminate inductance voltage diode is similar, but the resistance will allow the line running through it each relay mo.Vi This relatively high resistance of the relay (600 ohms) to prevent the line running through it a lot.

 

Ohm resistor high voltage is not suppressed effectively by diode reverse
Identification-pin (pins identification)
Role to check, but often confused (misunderstood). Use a 4-pin relay, for example, first we must identify the manufacturer chan.Mot notes how to identify true external shell out only relay leg What is true of any control circuit and the circuit load is consumed.

Check the circuit to identify true
If the relay has no external label notes, we can use an Ohm Design and test to see how the legs can be seen through nhau.Ban a typical value of about 50 ohms to 120 ohms between the two chan.Day khien.Neu coil circuit is less than 50 ohms is a problem de.Tham documentation to determine the value read is appropriate khong.Hai OL leg show (undefined) if it is a common relay open, or 0 ohms if it is a normally closed relay.
 
If the measured value is correct, the steps to check theo.Chu Note: if one of the true measurement value only coil with the other leg show 0 ohms or OL relay is defective and needs be replaced.

After the legs are determined, click the control circuit by power supply B + to pin 1 and pin 3 connected to mass.

A "click" sound click the nghe.Mac whether this means that close contacts (or exposed), it does not mean tot.Tiep relay also switches the load circuit may still not good (cause resistance high), and required further examination by using Ohm circuit design information measure 2 feet and 4 feet. A common mistake that technicians make is they heard the "click" and thought that the relay is good.
Note: The relay test is required diode inside rieng.Nhung relay process is very easy to damage, the positive voltage B + set the wrong foot (back) instead of 1 foot to 3 feet and will connect mass damage and loss diode protection features of the relay.